How to Start a Hair Salon in Maryland

Who licenses hair salons in Maryland

Hair salons answer to the State Board of Cosmetologists, in the Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing inside the Maryland Department of Labor. The board works under Title 5 of the Business Occupations and Professions Article, and its rules sit at COMAR 09.22. That one board licenses the full range of cosmetology practice in Maryland: cosmetologists and senior cosmetologists, plus limited licenses for hairstylists, blow dry stylists, estheticians, and nail technicians, along with registered apprentices and the salons themselves.

The board licenses two different things that new owners constantly merge into one, and Maryland adds a third rule that ties them together. The cosmetologist license belongs to the person and proves the training and examinations behind it. The salon permit belongs to the location and is held by the salon owner. Section 5-605 of the statute then requires a licensee to be affiliated with a registered salon or a registered barbershop to perform services. A salon needs the practitioner layer and the premises layer in place before the first paying client.

Maryland hair salon at a glance

The cosmetologist license, step by step

Start with the eligibility floor. Every cosmetology applicant must be at least 17 years old and must have completed the 9th grade or a GED equivalent. The training itself takes one of two forms. The school route is 1,500 hours of training in an approved cosmetology school. The apprenticeship route is 24 months as a registered apprentice in a licensed beauty salon, training at 20 or more hours per week under a sponsor, with monthly training reports as part of the arrangement. An apprentice must be at least 16 years old, must have a sponsoring salon secured, must get Board approval, and must complete a Board orientation program before registration, and the sponsor certification is signed by a senior cosmetologist. The apprentice registration fee in the COMAR schedule is $11, against $28 for the cosmetologist license itself.

Examinations and fees close the practitioner route. The statute requires passing grades on a written examination and a practical examination, and examination fees are paid directly to the Board testing service rather than to the Board. The fee schedule at COMAR 09.22.01.12 prices the individual licenses the same for issuance and for renewal: cosmetologist $28, senior cosmetologist $28, and apprentice $11, with all fees nonrefundable. A senior cosmetologist is the experienced tier above the base license: it requires 2 years of experience as a licensed cosmetologist plus passing grades on both the senior cosmetologist examination and the cosmetologist examination. An expired practitioner license also carries a $28 reinstatement fee in addition to the renewal fee, which is a small number with a large consequence, because a stylist working on an expired license is working unlicensed until the reinstatement posts.

Renewal changed in 2026, and the change is large enough to plan a year around. Effective January 1, 2026, six hours of approved continuing education are a condition of renewal for a cosmetology license: 2 hours of required topics covering health, safety, welfare, sanitation, or Board laws and regulations, plus 4 hours of electives within the scope of practice of the license held. The courses must be taken inside the current renewal term and before the renewal date, the requirement applies per license held, and there is no grandfather clause for long licensed stylists. Separately, beginning January 1, 2026, a one time 1 hour domestic violence awareness training, from Department approved training, is required for licensure and for renewal, a requirement that applies under both the cosmetology board and the barber board.

The full service salon permit and your premises

The salon itself holds a Full-Service Salon Owner permit from the Board of Cosmetologists, and the price is published in two places that agree with each other. The original permit costs $225, and the COMAR fee schedule shows what that number is made of: a $56 salon owner fee plus a $169 pre opening inspection fee. Renewal is $56, and permits renew every two years, with the Board emailing renewal notices about 60 days before expiration. A renewal filed less than 45 days late costs $112 in total, while a renewal more than 45 days late costs $225, because the expired permit past that point requires the pre opening inspection fee and an inspection again.

The application carries a local gate that owners should clear before they spend on build out. A salon permit application requires an approved use and occupancy permit from the local zoning agency, submitted with the application. Salon permit applicants also show the business SDAT good standing status, which ties the premises permit back to the entity filings in the next sections, and employers supply their workers compensation policy number and insurer name on renewal forms. The permit holder does not have to be a cosmetologist to own the salon, but every person performing services in it must hold her own license and must be affiliated with the salon under section 5-605, and an unlicensed person behind a chair puts the permit, not just her own position, at risk.

Forming your business entity

Most Maryland hair salon businesses form as a limited liability company, and Maryland routes that filing through a different office than most states expect. Entities are formed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation, known as SDAT, in its Charter Division, because Maryland has no Secretary of State for business entities. The Articles of Organization for an LLC cost $100 under the fee schedule in section 1-203 of the Corporations and Associations Article.

Every LLC and every other registered entity files Form 1, the Annual Report and Business Personal Property Return, with SDAT each year for $300, due April 15, and the fee is owed whether or not the business operated or owned property that year. A free two month extension to June 15 is available on request. If the business owns, leases, or uses tangible personal property in Maryland with a total original cost of $20,000 or more, it also completes the personal property schedules on Form 1, and the county or city where the property sits assesses and bills the personal property tax separately from the $300 state filing fee. Filing late draws an initial penalty of one tenth of one percent of the county assessment plus interest at 2 percent for each 30 days the return is late, and continued failure to file can lead to forfeiture of the right to do business in Maryland. SDAT waives the annual report filing fee for a year in which the entity provides evidence that it complies with the MarylandSaves employer savings program requirements. A name reservation, if you want to hold a name before you file, costs $25 and holds the name for 30 days, and a certificate of status costs $20 when a landlord or lender asks for proof that the entity is in good standing.

Business names and the trade name registration

Maryland calls its trade name filing a trade name registration, and it also lives with SDAT. Anyone doing business under a name other than their own legal name files a trade name application with SDAT for $25. Sole proprietors and general partnerships trading under a business name are the core filers, and a formed entity also registers a trade name when it wants to operate under a name other than its legal entity name. The registration is effective for five years from acceptance, and it may be renewed during the last six months of that period for another five years at $25. If the registration is not renewed, SDAT forfeits the trade name and a new application is required.

A trade name registration is not an entity and it creates no liability shield. It is a public notice filing that ties the name clients see on your sign and your booking page to the person or entity legally behind it. Keep the names consistent across the stack: the name on the SDAT filings, the name on the salon or shop permit application, the name on your sales tax account, and the name on your signage should tell one story.

Federal tax ID and business banking

Apply for an Employer Identification Number on IRS.gov. It is free, it issues online in one session, and any site charging you for an EIN is selling you a form you can file yourself. You need the EIN to open the business bank account, to run payroll once you hire, and to complete the state registrations described in this guide, which key on the federal number. A single member LLC can use the owner Social Security number for some federal purposes, but the bank account, card processing, and employer accounts for a working business all run more cleanly on an EIN.

Open the business bank account as soon as the entity and the EIN exist, and run every license fee, product order, rent payment, and inspection fee through it. The Comptroller filings, the quarterly unemployment reports, the biennial license renewals, and the April 15 Form 1 filing all assume the hair salon can show its own books, and a clean, separate account is the cheapest compliance tool in this entire guide.

Sales tax through the Comptroller of Maryland

Maryland sales tax is simpler than in most states, and the Comptroller of Maryland draws the line that matters at your register. The statewide rate is 6 percent, and there is no local or county sales tax added on top of it. Services are taxed only when the Tax-General Article names them, and beauty services are not on the Comptroller list of enumerated taxable services. Haircuts, coloring, styling, and the rest of the service menu are therefore not taxable service receipts, and you do not collect sales tax on them. Retail product is different: Shampoo, styling products, and other retail items and anything else a client takes home is a retail sale of tangible personal property, taxed at 6 percent. Itemize services and products separately at checkout and the tax follows the product lines only.

A business that makes taxable retail sales needs a Maryland sales and use tax license from the Comptroller before it sells, and registration runs through the Combined Registration Application, available through Maryland Business Express. The sales and use tax license carries no state fee. File the application before the doors open if your opening plan includes a retail shelf.

Booth rent in a Maryland hair salon

Maryland has no booth renter license, no chair rental license, and no separate category for a rented station in the cosmetology fee schedule at COMAR 09.22.01.12. The operative rules are affiliation and the salon permit. Under section 5-605, a licensee must be affiliated with a registered salon or a registered barbershop to perform services, so a stylist renting a chair still has to be practicing through a permitted premises. Inside an existing permitted salon, that is the salon permit the owner already holds, and the renter works affiliated with that salon under its permit. A stylist who takes her own separate space and runs her own business from it is in a different position: that space needs its own salon permit, at $225 to open and $56 to renew every two years, with the use and occupancy permit from local zoning in hand first.

The licensing answer is only half the booth rent question. Whether a chair renter is an independent contractor or your employee for tax and unemployment purposes turns on the substance of the actual working relationship, including who controls the hours, the prices, the client relationship, and the tools and products, and a written rental agreement is evidence rather than a verdict. Paper a real tenancy like a tenancy: a written agreement, a set rent that does not float with her service revenue, her own trade name registration if she trades under her own name, and her own tax accounts.

Hiring employees in Maryland

Your first hire makes you a Maryland employer, and the unemployment insurance account is the registration to understand first. Employers register with the Division of Unemployment Insurance in the Maryland Department of Labor, report wages, and pay contributions quarterly. A new employer pays 2.6 percent on the first $8,500 of each employee wages in a year, which caps the new employer cost at a maximum of $221 per employee per year before your own experience history moves the rate. Build that cost into your service prices from the start, along with the quarterly reporting rhythm.

The wage floor is the other number to build into your prices. Maryland minimum wage is $15.00 an hour statewide for most employees. A tipped employee must receive at least $3.63 an hour in cash wages, and cash wages plus tips must equal at least $15.00 an hour, with the employer covering any gap. Two counties sit above the state floor as of July 1, 2026: Howard County at $16.00 an hour and Prince George's County at $15.30 an hour, and Montgomery County sets a higher schedule of its own, so a salon in those counties prices against the county figure, not the state figure. Overtime runs at one and one half times the regular rate past 40 hours in a week.

Local rules for a Maryland hair salon

The local layer sits underneath the state licenses in this guide and it gates them, which is why this section rewards reading before you sign anything. Zoning controls whether a hair salon can operate at the address you choose, and in Maryland the proof takes a specific form: an approved use and occupancy permit from the local zoning agency. That permit is not just a local errand. The state board requires it with your salon permit application, so a space that cannot produce one cannot become a licensed premises no matter how complete the rest of your paperwork is. Cities and counties also issue their own business licenses, and the requirements vary enough between jurisdictions that no state guide can price them for you.

Get the zoning answer and the inspection sequence in writing before the lease is signed. Every state permit in this guide is issued for a specific premises, the pre opening inspection fee is spent as part of the opening application, and a lease signed for a space that zoning will not clear leaves you paying rent on a business you cannot license.

Insurance for a Maryland hair salon

Neither board publishes a required insurance amount for a permitted premises, so treat insurance as a risk decision and a lease decision rather than a licensing line item. In practice, a landlord will name the coverage expected in the lease, and a business working on the public should carry professional liability for the services themselves, general liability for the premises, and property coverage for equipment, furnishings, and retail stock. Chemical services, hot tools, and a wet floor around shampoo bowls are the everyday risks the professional policy is priced for, and they belong in the conversation with your agent alongside the slip and fall risks every retail premises carries. If other licensees work inside your premises under your permit, your policy and theirs should both name the arrangement, because the permit holder is the name an inspector and an injured client find first when something goes wrong anywhere in the building.

Your Maryland renewal calendar

Official sources

• State Board of Cosmetologists: license requirements, training hours and apprentice terms
• State Board of Cosmetologists: salon permit renewal, $225 original and $56 renewal, affiliation under section 5-605
• State Board of Cosmetologists: continuing education, 6 hours from January 1, 2026
• Maryland General Assembly: Business Occupations and Professions Article, Title 5, cosmetology statute
• State Department of Assessments and Taxation: entity filings, Form 1 annual report and trade name registration
• Comptroller of Maryland: sales and use tax, taxable services list and retail product sales
• Maryland Business Express: entity formation and the Combined Registration Application
• Maryland Department of Labor: minimum wage, tipped wage and overtime rules

Maryland hair salon FAQ